| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Elisha ben Abuyah ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Elisha ben Abuyah
Elisha ben Abuyah ((ヘブライ語:אלישע בן אבויה)) (spelled variously, including Elisha ben Avuya) was a rabbi and Jewish religious authority born in Jerusalem sometime before 70 CE. After he adopted a worldview considered heretical by his fellow ''Tannaim'' and betrayed his people, the rabbis of the Talmud refrained from relating teachings in his name and referred to him as the "Other One" (, ').〔"At one time the Rabbis were proud to recognize him as of their number; but later their opposition to him grew so intense that they even refrained from pronouncing his name, and referred to him in terms used to designate some vile object ("dabar aḥer," lit. "another thing")." (Louis Ginzberg, "(Elisha ben Abuyah )", ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1901-1906)〕 Rabbi Louis Ginzberg, writing in the ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1901–1906), says that "it is almost impossible to derive from rabbinical sources a clear picture of his personality, and modern historians have differed greatly in their estimate of him. According to Grätz, he was a Karpotian Gnostic; according to Siegfried, a follower of Philo; according to Dubsch, a Christian; according to Smolenskin and Weiss, a victim of the inquisitor Akiba."〔Louis Ginzberg, "(Elisha ben Abuyah )", ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1901-1906.〕
==Youth and Activity==
Little is known of Elisha's youth and of his activity as a teacher of Jewish Law. He was the son of a rich and well-respected citizen of Jerusalem, and was trained for the career of a scholar. The only saying of his recorded in the Mishnah is his praise of education: "Learning Torah as a child is like writing on fresh paper, but learning Torah in old age is like writing on a palimpsest." (''Avot'' 4:20). Other sayings attributed to Elisha indicate that he stressed ''mitzvot'' (good deeds) as equal in importance to education:
To whom may a man who has good deeds and has studied much Torah be compared? To a man who in building () stones first (a foundation ) and then lays bricks (them ), so that however much water may collect at the side of the building, it will not wash away. Contrariwise, he who has no good deeds even though he has studied much Torah — to whom may he be compared? To a man who in building lays bricks first and then heaps stones over them, so that even if a little water collects, it at once undermines the structure.〔Hayyim Nahman Bialik and Yehoshua Hana Ravnitzky, eds., ''The Book of Legends/''Sefer Ha-Aggadah'': Legends from the Talmud and Midrash'', translated by William G. Braude (New York: Schocken Books, 1992), p. 452, citing ''Avot of Rabbi Natan'' 24.〕
Elisha was a student of Greek; as the Talmud expresses it, "Acher's tongue was never tired of singing Greek songs" (Jerusalem Talmud, ''Megillah'' i. 9). The Talmud suggests that his study of Greek philosophy was one of the factors that led him to apostasy (''Hagigah'' 15b). Wilhelm Bacher, in his analysis of Talmudic legends, wrote that the similes attributed to Elisha (including the ones cited above) show that he was a man of the world, acquainted with wine, horses, and architecture. He evidently had a reputation as an authority in questions of religious practice, since ''Mo'ed Katan'' 20a records one of his ''halakhic'' decisions — the only one in his name, although others may be recorded under the names of his students or different rabbis. The Babylonian Talmud asserts that Elisha, while a teacher in the ''beth midrash'' (torah academy), kept forbidden books hidden in his clothes (''Hagigah'' 15b).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Elisha ben Abuyah」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|